Current evidence suggests that sea warming is forcing temperate marine biota towards the poles, with tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems due to community phase shifts.Climate change and overfishing are global phenomena, and are good candidates as primary drivers of the rise of gelatinous zooplankton, at least in some parts of the ocean. The reasons for increasing jellyfish blooms are probably manifold, ranging from local to global.Representatives of gelatinous zooplankton are increasingly reported in large numbers, with more than 1000 species worldwide, including Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Thaliacea, often collectively known as " jellyfish ".Profundal zone – the deep-water layer of a standing body of water, like a lake or a pond, where the temperate is significantly colder than the surface layer.
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